NODAL (Nodal Growth Differentiation Factor)

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NODAL (Nodal Growth Differentiation Factor) is a human secreted protein, which is encoded by NODAL gene located on chromosome 10q 22.1. It belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. Like many other members of the superfamily, it participates in cell differentiation during early embryogenesis and plays a key role in the transmission of signals from the primitive stripes of nodules to (LPM) in the mesoderm of the lateral plate. This protein is necessary to maintain the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells and may play a role in the development of human placenta. The mutation in this gene is related to heterogeneity, which is the characteristic of the random orientation of internal organs relative to the left and right axes. Diseases associated with NODAL include Heterotaxy, Autosomal disease and Dextrocardia With Situs Inversus.

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