1. Targeting bromodomain and extraterminal proteins in breast cancer
Jennifer M Sahni, Ruth A Keri Pharmacol Res. 2018 Mar;129:156-176.doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.015.Epub 2017 Nov 16.
Breast cancer is a collection of distinct tumor subtypes that are driven by unique gene expression profiles. These transcriptomes are controlled by various epigenetic marks that dictate which genes are expressed and suppressed. During carcinogenesis, extensive restructuring of the epigenome occurs, including aberrant acetylation, alteration of methylation patterns, and accumulation of epigenetic readers at oncogenes. As epigenetic alterations are reversible, epigenome-modulating drugs could provide a mechanism to silence numerous oncogenes simultaneously. Here, we review the impact of inhibitors of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) family of epigenetic readers in breast cancer. These agents, including the prototypical BET inhibitor JQ1, have been shown to suppress a variety of oncogenic pathways while inducing minimal, if any, toxicity in models of several subtypes of breast cancer. BET inhibitors also synergize with multiple approved anti-cancer drugs, providing a greater response in breast cancer cell lines and mouse models than either single agent. The combined findings of the studies discussed here provide an excellent rationale for the continued investigation of the utility of BET inhibitors in breast cancer.
2. Targeted Degradation of BET Proteins in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Longchuan Bai, Bing Zhou, Chao-Yie Yang, Jiao Ji, Donna McEachern, Sally Przybranowski, Hui Jiang, Jiantao Hu, Fuming Xu, Yujun Zhao, Liu Liu, Ester Fernandez-Salas, Jing Xu, Yali Dou, Bo Wen, Duxin Sun, Jennifer Meagher, Jeanne Stuckey, Daniel F Hayes, Shunqiang Li, Matthew J Ellis, Shaomeng Wang0 Cancer Res. 2017 May 1;77(9):2476-2487.doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2622.Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) remain clinically challenging with a lack of options for targeted therapy. In this study, we report the development of a second-generation BET protein degrader, BETd-246, which exhibits superior selectivity, potency, and antitumor activity. In human TNBC cells, BETd-246 induced degradation of BET proteins at low nanomolar concentrations within 1 hour of exposure, resulting in robust growth inhibition and apoptosis. BETd-246 was more potent and effective in TNBC cells than its parental BET inhibitor compound BETi-211. RNA-seq analysis revealed predominant downregulation of a large number of genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis in cells treated with BETd-246, as compared with BETi-211 treatment that upregulated and downregulated a similar number of genes. Functional investigations identified the MCL1 gene as a critical downstream effector for BET degraders, which synergized with small-molecule inhibitors of BCL-xL in triggering apoptosis. In multiple murine xenograft models of human breast cancer, BETd-246 and a further optimized analogue BETd-260 effectively depleted BET proteins in tumors and exhibited strong antitumor activities at well-tolerated dosing schedules. Overall, our findings show that targeting BET proteins for degradation represents an effective therapeutic strategy for TNBC treatment. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2476-87. ©2017 AACR.
3. Characterizing the Therapeutic Potential of a Potent BET Degrader in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Jae Eun Choi, Monique E Verhaegen, Sahr Yazdani, et al. Neoplasia. 2019 Mar;21(3):322-330.doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.003.Epub 2019 Feb 21.
Studies on the efficacy of small molecule inhibitors in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) have been limited and largely inconclusive. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a potent BET degrader, BETd-246, in the treatment of MCC. We found that MCC cell lines were significantly more sensitive to BETd-246 than to BET inhibitor treatment. Therapeutic targeting of BET proteins resulted in a loss of "MCC signature" genes but not MYC expression as previously described irrespective of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) status. In MCPyV+ MCC cells, BETd-246 alone suppressed downstream targets in the MCPyV-LT Ag axis. We also found enrichment of HOX and cell cycle genes in MCPyV- MCC cell lines that were intrinsically resistant to BETd-246. Our findings uncover a requirement for BET proteins in maintaining MCC lineage identity and point to the potential utility of BET degraders for treating MCC.
CAS No.: 2140289-17-2
