1. BTBBCL6 dimers as building blocks for reversible drug-induced protein oligomerization
Claudia Scholl, Patrizia Jensen, Mikołaj Słabicki, Stefan Fröhling, Jonas Koeppel, Lena Nitsch, Hojong Yoon, Eric Sebastian Fischer, Shourya Sonkar Roy Burman Cell Rep Methods . 2022 Apr 13;2(4):100193. doi: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100193.
Here, we characterize the BTB domain of the transcription factor BCL6 (BTBBCL6) as a small-molecule-controlled, reversible oligomerization switch, which oligomerizes upon BI-3802 treatment and de-oligomerizes upon addition of BI-3812. We show that the magnitude of oligomerization can be controlledin vitroby BI-3802 concentration and exposure time. In cellular models, exposure to BI-3802/BI-3812 can drive multiple cycles of foci formation consisting of BTBBCL6fused to EGFP, which are not degraded due to the lack of a degron. We generated an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-BTBBCL6fusion. Treatment with BI-3802, as an ON switch, induced EGFR-BTBBCL6phosphorylation and activation of downstream effectors, which could in part be reversed by the addition of BI-3812, as an OFF switch. Finally, BI-3802-induced oligomerization of the EGFR-BTBBCL6fusion enhanced proliferation of an EGF-dependent cell line in absence of EGF. These results demonstrate the successful application of small-molecule-induced, reversible oligomerization as a switch for synthetic biology.
2. Impact of SNPs, off-targets, and passive permeability on efficacy of BCL6 degrading drugs assigned by virtual screening and 3D-QSAR approach
Abolfazl Jahangiri, Navid Pourzardosht, Mahdieh Mahboobi, Hanie Arjmandi, Mohammad Reza Rahbar, Farzaneh Shahabi, Shaden M H Mubarak, Solmaz Karimi, Alireza Zakeri, Saeed Khalili, Zahra Sadat Hashemi Sci Rep . 2022 Dec 6;12(1):21091. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25587-3.
B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) regulates various genes and is reported to be overexpressed in lymphomas and other malignancies. Thus, BCL6 inhibition or its tagging for degradation would be an amenable therapeutic approach. A library of 2500 approved drugs was employed to find BCL6 inhibitory molecules via virtual screening. Moreover, the 3D core structure of 170 BCL6 inhibitors was used to build a 3D QSAR model and predict the biological activity. The SNP database was analyzed to study the impact on the destabilization of BCL6/drug interactions. Structural similarity search and molecular docking analyses were used to assess the interaction between possible off-targets and BCL6 inhibitors. The tendency of drugs for passive membrane permeability was also analyzed. Lifitegrast (DB11611) had favorable binding properties and biological activity compared to the BI-3802. Missense SNPs were located at the essential interaction sites of the BCL6. Structural similarity search resulted in five BTB-domain containing off-target proteins. BI-3802 and Lifitegrast had similar chemical behavior and binding properties against off-target candidates. More interestingly, the binding affinity of BI-3802 (against off-targets) was higher than Lifitegrast. Energetically, Lifitegrast was less favorable for passive membrane permeability. The interaction between BCL6 and BI-3802 is more prone to SNP-derived variations. On the other hand, higher nonspecific binding of BI-3802 to off-target proteins could bring about higher undesirable properties. It should also be noted that energetically less desirable passive membrane translocation of Lifitegrast would demand drug delivery vehicles. However, further empirical evaluation of Lifitegrast would unveil its true potential.
3. Small-molecule-induced polymerization triggers degradation of BCL6
Claudia Scholl, Jonathan M Tsai, Cristina Di Genua, Katherine A Donovan, Shourya S Roy Burman, Eric S Fischer, Radosław P Nowak, Hojong Yoon, Rohan Sharma, Benjamin L Ebert, Moritz Hunkeler, Stefan Fröhling, Jonas Koeppel, Jessica A Gasser, Lena Nitsch, Peter G Miller, Priya Chudasama, Adam S Sperling, Andrew Guirguis, Charles Zou, Mikołaj Słabicki Nature . 2020 Dec;588(7836):164-168. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2925-1.
Effective and sustained inhibition of non-enzymatic oncogenic driver proteins is a major pharmacological challenge. The clinical success of thalidomide analogues demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of drug-induced degradation of transcription factors and other cancer targets1-3, but a substantial subset of proteins are resistant to targeted degradation using existing approaches4,5. Here we report an alternative mechanism of targeted protein degradation, in which a small molecule induces the highly specific, reversible polymerization of a target protein, followed by its sequestration into cellular foci and subsequent degradation. BI-3802 is a small molecule that binds to the Broad-complex, Tramtrack and Bric-à-brac (BTB) domain of the oncogenic transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and leads to the proteasomal degradation of BCL66. We use cryo-electron microscopy to reveal how the solvent-exposed moiety of a BCL6-binding molecule contributes to a composite ligand-protein surface that engages BCL6 homodimers to form a supramolecular structure. Drug-induced formation of BCL6 filaments facilitates ubiquitination by the SIAH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Our findings demonstrate that a small molecule such as BI-3802 can induce polymerization coupled to highly specific protein degradation, which in the case of BCL6 leads to increased pharmacological activity compared to the effects induced by other BCL6 inhibitors. These findings open new avenues for the development of therapeutic agents and synthetic biology.
