1. Genotoxicity evaluation of alpha-linolenic acid-diacylglycerol oil
Hiroshi Honda, Yurika Fujita, Aya Hayashi, Naohiro Ikeda, Yuichi Ito, Osamu Morita Toxicol Rep. 2016 Aug 10;3:716-722.doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.08.001.eCollection 2016.
The alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-diacylglycerol (DAG) oil is an edible oil enriched with DAG (>80%) and ALA (>50%). Although DAG oil, which mainly consists of oleic and linoleic acids has no genotoxic concerns, the fatty acid composition could affect the chemical property of DAG. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ALA-DAG oil using standard genotoxicity tests in accordance with the OECD guidelines. ALA-DAG oil showed negative results in the bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) and in vitro micronucleus test in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells with and without metabolic activation, and in the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test in mice. Our results did not show any genotoxicity, suggesting that the fatty acid composition had no deleterious effects. We conclude that ALA-DAG oil had no genotoxicity concerns under the testing conditions.
2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leachates from cigarette butts into water
Sina Dobaradaran, Torsten C Schmidt, Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi, Wiebke Kaziur-Cegla, Maik A Jochmann, Iraj Nabipour, Holger V Lutze, Ursula Telgheder Environ Pollut. 2020 Apr;259:113916.doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113916.Epub 2020 Jan 7.
Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common littered items in the environment and may contain high amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from incomplete tobacco leave burning. The potential relevance of PAHs stemming from CBs for aquatic systems remain unclear since to date there is no systematic study on PAHs leaching from CBs. Therefore, in this study the leaching concentrations of 16 EPA-PAHs (except benzo(ghi)perylene) in 3 different types of water were measured. The concentrations of ΣPAHs leachates from 4 h to 21 days ranged from 3.9 to 5.7, 3.3-5.5, and 3.0-5.0 μg L-1 for deionized, tap, and river waters, respectively. For all contact times, there were no substantial differences of the leachate concentrations of PAHs among different water types. Lighter PAHs had the highest concentrations among the detected PAHs and they were detected in the leachates already after 4 h. Concentrations of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, and dibenz(a,h)anthracene were below the limit of detection in all water samples at different contact times. At all contact times naphthalene and fluorene had the highest concentrations among the studied PAHs. Tap and river water samples with addition of sodium azide as chemical preservative contained significantly higher concentration of ΣPAHs. Our leaching data showed that leached concentrations of PAHs exceeded the Water Framework Directive (WFD) standards and considering the number of CBs annually littered this may pose a risk to aquatic organisms and potentially also humans.
3. A ratiometric fluorescent on-off Zn2+ chemosensor based on a tripropargylamine pyrene azide click adduct
Sachin A Ingale, Frank Seela J Org Chem. 2012 Oct 19;77(20):9352-6.doi: 10.1021/jo3014319.Epub 2012 Oct 8.
A new, easy-to-prepare and highly selective pyrene-linked tris-triazole amine fluorescent chemosensor has been designed from tripropargylamine and pyrene azide using Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. The fluorescence on-off sensor 1 is highly selective for Zn(2+) displaying a ratiometric change in emission. The relative intensity ratio of monomer to excimer fluorescence (M(376)/E(465)) of the sensor increases 80-fold upon the addition of 10 equiv of Zn(2+) ions (with a detection limit of 0.2 μM).
